How long can bone and connective tissues, like collagen, last with minor degradation?

Bone and connective tissues, such as collagen, have remarkable durability and resilience, which can contribute to their preservation over extensive geological timescales. Under ideal conditions, such as those found in certain environments where decay processes are minimal, these tissues can last for many millions of years. This is largely due to the mineralization process of bones, as well as the stable structure of collagen, which provides biological materials with a longer lifespan compared to softer tissues that are more prone to rapid degradation.

In fossilization contexts, for example, bones can be subjected to conditions that lead to their preservation, allowing them to survive intact for millions of years, particularly in sedimentary rock layers. Their ability to withstand environmental factors contributes significantly to the longevity of these tissues, making them invaluable in the study of paleontology and the history of life on Earth.