Jose de Acosta served as a missionary and naturalist in which South American country?

Jose de Acosta was a Spanish Jesuit missionary and naturalist who is best known for his work in Peru during the late 16th century. His experiences and observations in Peru resulted in significant contributions to the fields of natural history and anthropology. Acosta wrote extensively about the geography, flora, fauna, and indigenous cultures of the region, particularly in his influential book "Historia natural y moral de las Indias," which provided one of the first comprehensive accounts of the New World.

Peru was the center of his missionary activities, and his observations laid foundational knowledge for understanding South America's diverse ecosystems and the lifestyles of its indigenous peoples. His legacy in both the church and the scientific community reflects the intersection of religion and natural history during the Spanish colonization of South America. This context solidifies the connection between Acosta and Peru, making it the correct choice.