What term describes an approach to naturalism that excludes supernatural explanations?

Methodological naturalism is the term that describes an approach to naturalism that deliberately excludes supernatural explanations in the pursuit of scientific understanding. This approach focuses strictly on natural causes and processes, allowing scientists to investigate and interpret phenomena without invoking any supernatural factors. This method is foundational to the scientific process, where hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable based on observable evidence.

In contrast, empirical naturalism emphasizes evidence-based understanding but does not inherently exclude the possibility of supernatural elements in a broader philosophical context. Philosophical naturalism, while also grounded in a naturalistic worldview, often engages with metaphysical questions that might not be strictly observable or measurable, thus allowing for more expansive interpretations that could include supernatural notions. Rational naturalism, less commonly referenced, tends to denote an approach that prioritizes rational thought but does not specifically delineate its stance on supernatural explanations.

By adhering to methodological naturalism, researchers and scientists maintain a clear boundary that enables orderly investigation and understanding of the natural world based on what is observable and measurable. This approach has been crucial for the development of modern scientific disciplines, ensuring that inquiry remains focused on natural phenomena rather than speculations or beliefs that cannot be empirically tested.