What theory supports the idea that species adapt over time through natural selection?

The correct answer is Evolutionary Theory, which encompasses the concept of natural selection as a central mechanism for species adaptation over time. This theory, primarily attributed to Charles Darwin, posits that individuals with traits that are better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over generations, these advantageous traits become more common within a population, leading to gradual changes in the species.

Natural selection is a key process described in Evolutionary Theory, emphasizing how species are not static but rather in a constant state of flux in response to environmental challenges and opportunities. This results in the development of specific adaptations that enhance survival and reproductive success.

In contrast, Catastrophe Theory relates to rapid changes in Earth's geology and climate affecting biodiversity but does not specifically address species adaptation through gradual processes like natural selection. Adaptation Theory, while it highlights the ways organisms change to fit their environments, is not as comprehensive as Evolutionary Theory, which includes the framework of natural selection. Creation Theory, on the other hand, is based on the idea of species being created in their present forms by a divine entity and does not incorporate the concept of adaptation through natural processes.